See piwo on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pivo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pivo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₃-",
"4": "",
"5": "to drink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *pivo, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "piwowy",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "piwko",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dsb-decl-noun-24",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "piwow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "piwam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "piwami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "piwach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"adj": "piwowy",
"dim": "piwko"
},
"expansion": "piwo n (relational adjective piwowy, diminutive piwko)",
"name": "dsb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pi‧wo"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pi‧wo"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "piw"
},
"name": "dsb-decl-noun-24"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "piwo",
"10": "piwo",
"11": "piwje",
"12": "piwa",
"13": "piwom",
"14": "piwoma",
"15": "piwami",
"16": "piwje",
"17": "piwoma",
"18": "piwach",
"2": "piwje",
"3": "piwa",
"4": "piwa",
"5": "piwowu",
"6": "piwow",
"7": "piwoju, piwu",
"8": "piwoma",
"9": "piwam",
"name": "piwo"
},
"name": "dsb-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Alcoholic beverages",
"orig": "dsb:Alcoholic beverages",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Beer",
"orig": "dsb:Beer",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "piwarc"
},
{
"word": "piwaŕ"
},
{
"word": "piwny"
},
{
"word": "piwowaŕ"
},
{
"word": "piwowy"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beer"
],
"id": "en-piwo-dsb-noun-HYtM-FTN",
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʲi.wɔ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iwɔ"
}
],
"word": "piwo"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "piwo"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "piwo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*pȋvo",
"4": ":af<surf>",
"5": "pić",
"6": "-iwo",
"etydate": "1397",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pih₃-e-ti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pīteider.\nProto-Slavic *pìti\nProto-Indo-European *-wósder.\nProto-Slavic *-ivo\nProto-Slavic *pȋvo\nOld Polish piwo\n[drink]]\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*pih₃-e-ti\", \"id\" : \"drink\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*peh₃-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pītei\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pìti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ivo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pȋvo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"pić\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-iwo\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"piwo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"piwo\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *pȋvo. By surface analysis, pić + -iwo. First attested in 1397.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pih₃-e-ti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pīteider.\nProto-Slavic *pìti\nProto-Indo-European *-wósder.\nProto-Slavic *-ivo\nProto-Slavic *pȋvo\nOld Polish piwo\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *pȋvo. By surface analysis, pić + -iwo. First attested in 1397.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "piwko",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "piwny",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-opl-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"adj": "piwny",
"dim": "piwko"
},
"expansion": "piwo n (diminutive piwko, related adjective piwny)",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "piwo",
"10": "piwo",
"11": "-",
"12": "-",
"13": "piwem",
"14": "-",
"15": "-",
"16": "piwie",
"17": "-",
"18": "-",
"19": "-",
"2": "-",
"20": "-",
"21": "-",
"3": "-",
"4": "piwa",
"5": "-",
"6": "-",
"7": "-",
"8": "-",
"9": "-"
},
"name": "zlw-opl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -iwo",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "bracskie piwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "piwnica"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "piwnik"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "piwowar"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
84,
88
]
],
"ref": "1960 [1397], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty pyzdrskie, volume II, number 60, Pyzdry:",
"text": "Micolag[…] samoosm Wyszacovo opecane przigal y wczinil gwalt y rosgnal karczmarzoui pyvo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
52
]
],
"ref": "1856-1870 [1398], Antoni Zygmunt Helcel, editor, Starodawne Prawa Polskiego Pomniki, volume VIII, number 6574:",
"text": "Paszek[…] any se mesczkym prawem obchodzil, any piwa schynkowal",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
71,
75
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1409], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 790, Poznań:",
"text": "Jaco Woyczech[…] ne leszal na Potrka[…] w zalodze[…] ani bral wachtele pywa do domu, any plotna na paney vano",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "1876-1929 [1414], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume XIV, Chruściechów, Sieciechów, page 499:",
"text": "Pywo yest dzywny oley",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
56
]
],
"ref": "1876-1929 [1414], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume XIV, Chruściechów, Sieciechów, page 499:",
"text": "Caplane, chces polepsicz duse swey, ne mow czansto: Piwa naley!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
59,
63
]
],
"ref": "1960 [1415], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty pyzdrskie, volume II, number 412, Pyzdry:",
"text": "Iaco Thomislaw prziszedl na Hancziną dzedziną gwaltem[…] i pywo pobral",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
45
]
],
"ref": "1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole, Łęczyca, Poznań, line 9:",
"text": "Przetocz stol weliky sweboda staye nanym pywo yvoda",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
65,
69
]
],
"ref": "1967 [1427], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kościańskie, volume III, number 1307, Kościan:",
"text": "Jaco mv karczmarky gego nye wignaly[…] any mv gey rostargaly dla pywa gey nyezaplaczenya",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
72,
76
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1428], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 2855, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jacom y o thø krziwdø oth Pelki wstal, eze mi wzøl szesc poluczwarthcow piwa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
38
]
],
"ref": "1876-1929 [1436], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume XIV, Sieciechów, page 506:",
"text": "Przetho szle napyssano, esze malo pywa we dzbanye imyano",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1437], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 2622:",
"text": "Piwo fuca",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
32
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1433-1438], Archiwum Komisji Prawniczej. Collectanea ex Archivo Collegii Iuridici, volume II, page XXXII:",
"text": "Pyssali szedzøcz o dzczbane pywa, grzanky gedzøcz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1447], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, Lublin, page 55:",
"text": "Py pywo, a ya s tobą, myli thowarzischu",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1448], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXXIII, page 180:",
"text": "Dum bibo pywo, stat mihi kolano krzywo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
137
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 80:",
"text": "Ale tho chczemy rosvmyecz o onych slachczyczoch kthorzy nawoyną slvzą a poth prawem zemskym szą Anye othich ktorzy wmyesczech bydlą apywo szynkvyą albo snacz szbyegy szą wzemy niczs nyemayącz Gdzysz thaczy mayą szą wyczysczycz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"ref": "1915 [XV med.], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543, page 315:",
"text": "Vpilem syą byl piwem bydgostskim",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
562,
566
]
],
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 69:",
"text": "Kv they tho gyeradzye szlo wye nyewyeszczkym rzeczam szlusza czynyone Szlotho y szrebro czo szlusza ku panyeszkyey kraszye yszrebrne czasze zlowye roszthuchany y lyszky y almarie y myednycze y wyszglowya przeszczyeradla y poduszky popony przykryczya lawna zawyeszenya loszną kobyercze obruszy racznyky koldry y zyemszkye odzyenye rabky szlowye chuszthy czo nanyewyeszczya glową szluszaya szgrzynye y szgrzynky czo nanyewyasthą szluszaya czo szwe nyewyesczye rzeczy chowaya y za mykaya lychtarze prządze yprządzywo panwye pywne czo gye szdomu naymuya kv warzenyv pywa y xyągy czo kv bozey szluszbye zalyezą y czo nyewyasthywnych maya obyczay czysczy gyeden woszkowy koczyel szwyeczydlo nozycze y drugye thakye rzeczy czo nyewyasthy pozywaya thomoze bycz szwano gerade szlowye nyewyesczye rzeczy podlug prawa",
"translation": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
24
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią], Mierzeniec, Płock, line 194:",
"text": "Carczmarze czo slye pyva dayv, nyeczastho namya wspomynayv",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
90,
94
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią], Mierzeniec, Płock, line 270:",
"text": "Canonyczy yproboscze, bandv wmoyey scolye yeszcze, y plebany szmyaszv szyyv ysztho barszo pywo pyyv",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
79,
83
],
[
101,
105
]
],
"ref": "1907 [c. 1470], Jakub Parkoszowic, edited by Jan Łoś, Traktat o ortografii polskiej, Żurawica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Krakow, page 399:",
"text": "Cervisia defecatur seu purgatur et interpres in Polonico similiter dicet vere: pywo szyą vstawa albo pywo szye czysczy",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"ref": "1927 [1471], Jan Fijałek, editor, Cyzjojan kłobucki, Kłobuck, page 444:",
"text": "Dal piwa czszban",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 35:",
"text": "Pelna wyna aut pywa temulenta",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 1128:",
"text": "Pywo ceruisia",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
15
]
],
"ref": "1936 [1474], Ludwik Musioł, editor, Staropolskie teksty z protokolarza miasta Wozniki w wojewodztwie slaskim, 1521-1570, volume II, Woźniki, page 16:",
"text": "Dalismy na piwo robotnykom",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"ref": "1936 [1474], Ludwik Musioł, editor, Staropolskie teksty z protokolarza miasta Wozniki w wojewodztwie slaskim, 1521-1570, volume II, Woźniki, page 16:",
"text": "Za beczka pywa zarskiego",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
41
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1493], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1750, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jakos thy wsyal kmyeczevy memu klodą pyva",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
30
]
],
"ref": "1839 [XV p. post.], Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Pamiętniki o dziejach, piśmiennictwie i prawodawstwie Słowian, jako dodatek do historii prawodawstw słowiańskich przez siebie napisanej, volume II, Warsaw, page 350:",
"text": "In Jaroczino bibent dobre pywo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
69,
73
]
],
"ref": "1839 [XV p. post.], Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Pamiętniki o dziejach, piśmiennictwie i prawodawstwie Słowian, jako dodatek do historii prawodawstw słowiańskich przez siebie napisanej, volume II, Warsaw, page 351:",
"text": "Finis adest vere, scriptor vero si vales habere bibales, quartnyk na pywo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"ref": "1885-2024 [XV p. post.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume III, Wrocław, page 290:",
"text": "Mlode pywo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
62,
67
]
],
"ref": "1885-2024 [XV p. post.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume VIII, Chęciny, page 19:",
"text": "Eze Maczey[…] nye zachowal w domu swogym na swym chlebie y na pywye zlodzeyow, lotrow",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
74,
79
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume LIII, Krakow, page 62:",
"text": "Contra hictericiam: gluche pocrzyvy varzyczy a 3-y zaytliky s wynem uel s pivem, aby dwa zaytliky wywrzala a tr[z]eczy ostal",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
33,
37
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume LIII, Krakow, page 63:",
"text": "Ut fermentizet aby kyszyalo yako pyvo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
18
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 26v:",
"text": "Ceruisia byer pyvo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
30
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 37v:",
"text": "Defecata cervisia vystale pywo unde dicimus defecatum vinum id est sine foecibus vel purum sive depuratum",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
27
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 20r:",
"text": "Braxare brewen wąrzycz pyvo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume LIII, Krakow, page 63:",
"text": "Vystale pywo defecata cervisia",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"ref": "1928 [End of the fifteenth century], Jan Janów, editor, Zespół ewangelijny Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamoyskich nr 1116^(transliteration, transcription), Warsaw, page 287:",
"text": "Vina i pyva nye bądzye pyl",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beer (drink with a low alcohol content made from malt extract with the addition of hops)"
],
"id": "en-piwo-zlw-opl-noun-iikNZD-4",
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland; Silesia; attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland; Silesia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Masovia, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Lesser Poland, Silesia) beer (drink with a low alcohol content made from malt extract with the addition of hops)"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "piwniczny"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "piwowarny"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʲivɔ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʲivɔ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "piwo"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "spod budki z piwem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "lane piwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "małe piwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"noun"
],
"word": "piwina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "piwo dubeltowe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "piwo pełne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"phrase"
],
"word": "potrzymaj mi piwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "mieć na piwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "nawarzyć piwa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:piwo",
"4": ":af<surf>",
"5": "pić",
"6": "-iwo",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pih₃-e-ti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pīteider.\nProto-Slavic *pìti\nProto-Indo-European *-wósder.\nProto-Slavic *-ivo\nProto-Slavic *pȋvo\nOld Polish piwo\nPolish piwo\n[drink]]\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*pih₃-e-ti\", \"id\" : \"drink\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*peh₃-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pītei\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pìti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ivo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pȋvo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"pić\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-iwo\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"piwo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"sla-pro\", \"2\" : \":der\", \"3\" : \"ine-bsl-pro:*pītei<ety:inh<ine-pro:*peh₃-<alt:*pih₃-e-ti><id:drink>>>\", \"id\" : \"drink\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*piti\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"pić\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"sla-pro\", \"2\" : \":der\", \"3\" : \"ine-pro:*-wós<id:adjectival suffix>\", \"id\" : \"nominal\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ivo\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-iwo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"piwo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"piwo\">\nInherited from Old Polish piwo. By surface analysis, pić + -iwo.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pih₃-e-ti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pīteider.\nProto-Slavic *pìti\nProto-Indo-European *-wósder.\nProto-Slavic *-ivo\nProto-Slavic *pȋvo\nOld Polish piwo\nPolish piwo\nInherited from Old Polish piwo. By surface analysis, pić + -iwo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "piwko",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "piwęjko",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "piwsko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "piwny",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-mid-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"adj": "piwny",
"aug": "piwsko",
"dim": "piwko,piwęjko<l:dialectal>"
},
"expansion": "piwo n (diminutive piwko or (dialectal) piwęjko, augmentative piwsko, related adjective piwny)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pi‧wo"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pi‧wo"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-n"
},
{
"args": {
"accp": "piwa",
"accs": "piwo",
"datp": "-",
"dats": "piwu",
"genp": "piw",
"gens": "piwa",
"insp": "-",
"inss": "piwem",
"locp": "piwach",
"locs": "piwie",
"nomp": "piwa",
"noms": "piwo",
"vocp": "-",
"vocs": "piwo"
},
"name": "pl-mid-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 27 24 14 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 37 3 2 23",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Beer",
"orig": "pl:Beer",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beer (frothy, low-alcohol drink obtained by fermentation of barley malt, hops, yeast and water)",
"beer (one portion of this)"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "napój"
}
],
"id": "en-piwo-pl-noun-qnj8qf4V",
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"beer",
"beer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) beer (frothy, low-alcohol drink obtained by fermentation of barley malt, hops, yeast and water)",
"(countable) beer (one portion of this)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "browar"
},
{
"word": "browiec"
},
{
"word": "browar"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 29 21 19 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 27 24 14 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 37 3 2 23",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Beer",
"orig": "pl:Beer",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 65 10 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Drinking",
"orig": "pl:Drinking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beer (frothy, low-alcohol drink obtained by fermentation of barley malt, hops, yeast and water)",
"act of drinking beer"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "napój"
}
],
"id": "en-piwo-pl-noun-l1B9f5n4",
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"drink",
"drink"
],
[
"beer",
"beer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) beer (frothy, low-alcohol drink obtained by fermentation of barley malt, hops, yeast and water)",
"(Middle Polish) act of drinking beer"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "browar"
},
{
"word": "browiec"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Kraków Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Children's games",
"orig": "pl:Children's games",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 29 21 19 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 46 11 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 48 10 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 16 51 10 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 18 45 11 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 46 11 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 20 42 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 20 42 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 20 42 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 17 47 10 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 27 24 14 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 21 39 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 20 42 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 25 34 12 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -iwo",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 22 32 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Kraków Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 22 35 8 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Beverages",
"orig": "pl:Beverages",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"type of children's game"
],
"id": "en-piwo-pl-noun-E4k1yDyV",
"links": [
[
"children's",
"children"
],
[
"game",
"game"
],
[
"children's game",
"children's game#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "children's games",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Western Kraków, Sławków, children's games) type of children's game"
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 29 21 19 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 27 24 14 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of napój /napitek /trunek"
],
"id": "en-piwo-pl-noun-G8vKqexN",
"links": [
[
"napój",
"napój#Polish"
],
[
"napitek",
"napitek#Polish"
],
[
"trunek",
"trunek#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) synonym of napój /napitek /trunek"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "napój /napitek /trunek"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 29 21 19 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 27 24 14 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 37 3 2 23",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Beer",
"orig": "pl:Beer",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 24 11 44",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Taxation",
"orig": "pl:Taxation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beer tax (type of tax (till tax) on the sale of beer)"
],
"id": "en-piwo-pl-noun-UJXfrpwG",
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"tax",
"tax"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) beer tax (type of tax (till tax) on the sale of beer)"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpi.vɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpi.vɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpi.vɔ]",
"note": "Western Kraków"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ivɔ"
}
],
"word": "piwo"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "ru",
"3": "пи́во"
},
"expansion": "Russian пи́во (pívo)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pivo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pivo",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian пи́во (pívo), from Proto-Slavic *pivo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "piwony",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "piwolar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tk-decl-noun-auto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwolar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwolary",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwonuň",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwolaryň",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwā",
"links": [
[
"piwā",
"piwa#Turkmen"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwolara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwoda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwolarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwodan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwolardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "piwony",
"5": "plural",
"6": "piwolar",
"f1request": "1",
"f2request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "piwo (definite accusative piwony, plural piwolar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ny",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "piwo (definite accusative piwony, plural piwolar)",
"name": "tk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "o",
"2": "v"
},
"name": "tk-decl-noun-auto"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "piwo",
"10": "piwolarda",
"11": "piwodan",
"12": "piwolardan",
"2": "piwolar",
"3": "piwony",
"4": "piwolary",
"5": "piwonuň",
"6": "piwolaryň",
"7": "piwā",
"8": "piwolara",
"9": "piwoda"
},
"name": "tk-decl-noun-man"
}
],
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkmen entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "tk",
"name": "Alcoholic beverages",
"orig": "tk:Alcoholic beverages",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "tk",
"name": "Beer",
"orig": "tk:Beer",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beer"
],
"id": "en-piwo-tk-noun-HYtM-FTN",
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
]
]
}
],
"word": "piwo"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pȋvo",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pȋvo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pȋvo"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pȋvo",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "piwo"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian piwo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pȋvo. Cognate with Lower Sorbian piwo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "piwowy",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "piwko",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hsb-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "piwow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwomaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "piwam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwomaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "piwami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwomaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "piwach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "piwje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"adj": "piwowy",
"dim": "piwko"
},
"expansion": "piwo n (relational adjective piwowy, diminutive piwko)",
"name": "hsb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pi‧wo"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pi‧wo"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"name": "hsb-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Upper Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "hsb",
"name": "Alcoholic beverages",
"orig": "hsb:Alcoholic beverages",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "hsb",
"name": "Beer",
"orig": "hsb:Beer",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
40,
44
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
41,
45
]
],
"english": "the men got drunk after drinking so much beer",
"text": "mužojo su so wopili, po tym zo su telko piwa pili",
"translation": "the men got drunk after drinking so much beer",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beer (alcoholic beverage obtained by fermenting germinated barley with hop flowers, to give flavor and aroma)"
],
"id": "en-piwo-hsb-noun--v~1PQs9",
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
]
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "pić"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʲi.wɔ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iwɔ"
}
],
"word": "piwo"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "piw",
"3": "-o",
"t1": "udder"
},
"expansion": "piw (“udder”) + -o",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "piw (“udder”) + -o.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "piwaf",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "biwo",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mhiwo",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "phiwo",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "piw"
},
"expansion": "piwo (first-person singular present piwaf)",
"name": "cy-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh terms suffixed with -o",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fill up (of a an expectant cow's udder)"
],
"id": "en-piwo-cy-noun-KyIW0E5p",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pyrsu"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɪu̯ɔ/"
}
],
"word": "piwo"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "piwarc"
},
{
"word": "piwaŕ"
},
{
"word": "piwny"
},
{
"word": "piwowaŕ"
},
{
"word": "piwowy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pivo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pivo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₃-",
"4": "",
"5": "to drink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *pivo, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "piwowy",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "piwko",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dsb-decl-noun-24",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "piwow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "piwam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "piwami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "piwach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"adj": "piwowy",
"dim": "piwko"
},
"expansion": "piwo n (relational adjective piwowy, diminutive piwko)",
"name": "dsb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pi‧wo"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pi‧wo"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "piw"
},
"name": "dsb-decl-noun-24"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "piwo",
"10": "piwo",
"11": "piwje",
"12": "piwa",
"13": "piwom",
"14": "piwoma",
"15": "piwami",
"16": "piwje",
"17": "piwoma",
"18": "piwach",
"2": "piwje",
"3": "piwa",
"4": "piwa",
"5": "piwowu",
"6": "piwow",
"7": "piwoju, piwu",
"8": "piwoma",
"9": "piwam",
"name": "piwo"
},
"name": "dsb-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lower Sorbian lemmas",
"Lower Sorbian neuter nouns",
"Lower Sorbian nouns",
"Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Lower Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Lower Sorbian/iwɔ",
"Rhymes:Lower Sorbian/iwɔ/2 syllables",
"dsb:Alcoholic beverages",
"dsb:Beer"
],
"glosses": [
"beer"
],
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʲi.wɔ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iwɔ"
}
],
"word": "piwo"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "bracskie piwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "piwnica"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "piwnik"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "piwowar"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "piwo"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "piwo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*pȋvo",
"4": ":af<surf>",
"5": "pić",
"6": "-iwo",
"etydate": "1397",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pih₃-e-ti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pīteider.\nProto-Slavic *pìti\nProto-Indo-European *-wósder.\nProto-Slavic *-ivo\nProto-Slavic *pȋvo\nOld Polish piwo\n[drink]]\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*pih₃-e-ti\", \"id\" : \"drink\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*peh₃-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pītei\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pìti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ivo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pȋvo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"pić\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-iwo\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"piwo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"piwo\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *pȋvo. By surface analysis, pić + -iwo. First attested in 1397.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pih₃-e-ti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pīteider.\nProto-Slavic *pìti\nProto-Indo-European *-wósder.\nProto-Slavic *-ivo\nProto-Slavic *pȋvo\nOld Polish piwo\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *pȋvo. By surface analysis, pić + -iwo. First attested in 1397.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "piwko",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "piwny",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-opl-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"adj": "piwny",
"dim": "piwko"
},
"expansion": "piwo n (diminutive piwko, related adjective piwny)",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "piwo",
"10": "piwo",
"11": "-",
"12": "-",
"13": "piwem",
"14": "-",
"15": "-",
"16": "piwie",
"17": "-",
"18": "-",
"19": "-",
"2": "-",
"20": "-",
"21": "-",
"3": "-",
"4": "piwa",
"5": "-",
"6": "-",
"7": "-",
"8": "-",
"9": "-"
},
"name": "zlw-opl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "piwniczny"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "piwowarny"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with etymon",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish neuter nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₃-",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms suffixed with -iwo",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish",
"Silesia Old Polish",
"zlw-opl:Alcoholic beverages",
"zlw-opl:Beer"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
84,
88
]
],
"ref": "1960 [1397], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty pyzdrskie, volume II, number 60, Pyzdry:",
"text": "Micolag[…] samoosm Wyszacovo opecane przigal y wczinil gwalt y rosgnal karczmarzoui pyvo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
52
]
],
"ref": "1856-1870 [1398], Antoni Zygmunt Helcel, editor, Starodawne Prawa Polskiego Pomniki, volume VIII, number 6574:",
"text": "Paszek[…] any se mesczkym prawem obchodzil, any piwa schynkowal",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
71,
75
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1409], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 790, Poznań:",
"text": "Jaco Woyczech[…] ne leszal na Potrka[…] w zalodze[…] ani bral wachtele pywa do domu, any plotna na paney vano",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "1876-1929 [1414], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume XIV, Chruściechów, Sieciechów, page 499:",
"text": "Pywo yest dzywny oley",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
56
]
],
"ref": "1876-1929 [1414], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume XIV, Chruściechów, Sieciechów, page 499:",
"text": "Caplane, chces polepsicz duse swey, ne mow czansto: Piwa naley!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
59,
63
]
],
"ref": "1960 [1415], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty pyzdrskie, volume II, number 412, Pyzdry:",
"text": "Iaco Thomislaw prziszedl na Hancziną dzedziną gwaltem[…] i pywo pobral",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
45
]
],
"ref": "1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole, Łęczyca, Poznań, line 9:",
"text": "Przetocz stol weliky sweboda staye nanym pywo yvoda",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
65,
69
]
],
"ref": "1967 [1427], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kościańskie, volume III, number 1307, Kościan:",
"text": "Jaco mv karczmarky gego nye wignaly[…] any mv gey rostargaly dla pywa gey nyezaplaczenya",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
72,
76
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1428], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 2855, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jacom y o thø krziwdø oth Pelki wstal, eze mi wzøl szesc poluczwarthcow piwa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
38
]
],
"ref": "1876-1929 [1436], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume XIV, Sieciechów, page 506:",
"text": "Przetho szle napyssano, esze malo pywa we dzbanye imyano",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1437], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 2622:",
"text": "Piwo fuca",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
32
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1433-1438], Archiwum Komisji Prawniczej. Collectanea ex Archivo Collegii Iuridici, volume II, page XXXII:",
"text": "Pyssali szedzøcz o dzczbane pywa, grzanky gedzøcz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1447], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, Lublin, page 55:",
"text": "Py pywo, a ya s tobą, myli thowarzischu",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1448], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXXIII, page 180:",
"text": "Dum bibo pywo, stat mihi kolano krzywo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
137
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 80:",
"text": "Ale tho chczemy rosvmyecz o onych slachczyczoch kthorzy nawoyną slvzą a poth prawem zemskym szą Anye othich ktorzy wmyesczech bydlą apywo szynkvyą albo snacz szbyegy szą wzemy niczs nyemayącz Gdzysz thaczy mayą szą wyczysczycz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"ref": "1915 [XV med.], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543, page 315:",
"text": "Vpilem syą byl piwem bydgostskim",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
562,
566
]
],
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 69:",
"text": "Kv they tho gyeradzye szlo wye nyewyeszczkym rzeczam szlusza czynyone Szlotho y szrebro czo szlusza ku panyeszkyey kraszye yszrebrne czasze zlowye roszthuchany y lyszky y almarie y myednycze y wyszglowya przeszczyeradla y poduszky popony przykryczya lawna zawyeszenya loszną kobyercze obruszy racznyky koldry y zyemszkye odzyenye rabky szlowye chuszthy czo nanyewyeszczya glową szluszaya szgrzynye y szgrzynky czo nanyewyasthą szluszaya czo szwe nyewyesczye rzeczy chowaya y za mykaya lychtarze prządze yprządzywo panwye pywne czo gye szdomu naymuya kv warzenyv pywa y xyągy czo kv bozey szluszbye zalyezą y czo nyewyasthywnych maya obyczay czysczy gyeden woszkowy koczyel szwyeczydlo nozycze y drugye thakye rzeczy czo nyewyasthy pozywaya thomoze bycz szwano gerade szlowye nyewyesczye rzeczy podlug prawa",
"translation": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
24
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią], Mierzeniec, Płock, line 194:",
"text": "Carczmarze czo slye pyva dayv, nyeczastho namya wspomynayv",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
90,
94
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią], Mierzeniec, Płock, line 270:",
"text": "Canonyczy yproboscze, bandv wmoyey scolye yeszcze, y plebany szmyaszv szyyv ysztho barszo pywo pyyv",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
79,
83
],
[
101,
105
]
],
"ref": "1907 [c. 1470], Jakub Parkoszowic, edited by Jan Łoś, Traktat o ortografii polskiej, Żurawica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Krakow, page 399:",
"text": "Cervisia defecatur seu purgatur et interpres in Polonico similiter dicet vere: pywo szyą vstawa albo pywo szye czysczy",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"ref": "1927 [1471], Jan Fijałek, editor, Cyzjojan kłobucki, Kłobuck, page 444:",
"text": "Dal piwa czszban",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 35:",
"text": "Pelna wyna aut pywa temulenta",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 1128:",
"text": "Pywo ceruisia",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
15
]
],
"ref": "1936 [1474], Ludwik Musioł, editor, Staropolskie teksty z protokolarza miasta Wozniki w wojewodztwie slaskim, 1521-1570, volume II, Woźniki, page 16:",
"text": "Dalismy na piwo robotnykom",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"ref": "1936 [1474], Ludwik Musioł, editor, Staropolskie teksty z protokolarza miasta Wozniki w wojewodztwie slaskim, 1521-1570, volume II, Woźniki, page 16:",
"text": "Za beczka pywa zarskiego",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
41
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1493], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1750, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jakos thy wsyal kmyeczevy memu klodą pyva",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
30
]
],
"ref": "1839 [XV p. post.], Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Pamiętniki o dziejach, piśmiennictwie i prawodawstwie Słowian, jako dodatek do historii prawodawstw słowiańskich przez siebie napisanej, volume II, Warsaw, page 350:",
"text": "In Jaroczino bibent dobre pywo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
69,
73
]
],
"ref": "1839 [XV p. post.], Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Pamiętniki o dziejach, piśmiennictwie i prawodawstwie Słowian, jako dodatek do historii prawodawstw słowiańskich przez siebie napisanej, volume II, Warsaw, page 351:",
"text": "Finis adest vere, scriptor vero si vales habere bibales, quartnyk na pywo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"ref": "1885-2024 [XV p. post.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume III, Wrocław, page 290:",
"text": "Mlode pywo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
62,
67
]
],
"ref": "1885-2024 [XV p. post.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume VIII, Chęciny, page 19:",
"text": "Eze Maczey[…] nye zachowal w domu swogym na swym chlebie y na pywye zlodzeyow, lotrow",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
74,
79
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume LIII, Krakow, page 62:",
"text": "Contra hictericiam: gluche pocrzyvy varzyczy a 3-y zaytliky s wynem uel s pivem, aby dwa zaytliky wywrzala a tr[z]eczy ostal",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
33,
37
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume LIII, Krakow, page 63:",
"text": "Ut fermentizet aby kyszyalo yako pyvo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
18
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 26v:",
"text": "Ceruisia byer pyvo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
30
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 37v:",
"text": "Defecata cervisia vystale pywo unde dicimus defecatum vinum id est sine foecibus vel purum sive depuratum",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
27
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 20r:",
"text": "Braxare brewen wąrzycz pyvo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume LIII, Krakow, page 63:",
"text": "Vystale pywo defecata cervisia",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"ref": "1928 [End of the fifteenth century], Jan Janów, editor, Zespół ewangelijny Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamoyskich nr 1116^(transliteration, transcription), Warsaw, page 287:",
"text": "Vina i pyva nye bądzye pyl",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beer (drink with a low alcohol content made from malt extract with the addition of hops)"
],
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland; Silesia; attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland; Silesia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Masovia, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Lesser Poland, Silesia) beer (drink with a low alcohol content made from malt extract with the addition of hops)"
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʲivɔ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʲivɔ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "piwo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish neuter nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₃-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms suffixed with -iwo",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ivɔ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ivɔ/2 syllables",
"Western Kraków Polish",
"pl:Beer",
"pl:Beverages",
"pl:Drinking",
"pl:Taxation"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "spod budki z piwem"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "lane piwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "małe piwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"noun"
],
"word": "piwina"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "piwo dubeltowe"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "piwo pełne"
},
{
"tags": [
"phrase"
],
"word": "potrzymaj mi piwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "mieć na piwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "nawarzyć piwa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:piwo",
"4": ":af<surf>",
"5": "pić",
"6": "-iwo",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pih₃-e-ti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pīteider.\nProto-Slavic *pìti\nProto-Indo-European *-wósder.\nProto-Slavic *-ivo\nProto-Slavic *pȋvo\nOld Polish piwo\nPolish piwo\n[drink]]\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*pih₃-e-ti\", \"id\" : \"drink\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*peh₃-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pītei\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pìti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ivo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pȋvo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"pić\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-iwo\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"piwo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"sla-pro\", \"2\" : \":der\", \"3\" : \"ine-bsl-pro:*pītei<ety:inh<ine-pro:*peh₃-<alt:*pih₃-e-ti><id:drink>>>\", \"id\" : \"drink\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*piti\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"pić\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"sla-pro\", \"2\" : \":der\", \"3\" : \"ine-pro:*-wós<id:adjectival suffix>\", \"id\" : \"nominal\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ivo\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-iwo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"piwo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"piwo\">\nInherited from Old Polish piwo. By surface analysis, pić + -iwo.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pih₃-e-ti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pīteider.\nProto-Slavic *pìti\nProto-Indo-European *-wósder.\nProto-Slavic *-ivo\nProto-Slavic *pȋvo\nOld Polish piwo\nPolish piwo\nInherited from Old Polish piwo. By surface analysis, pić + -iwo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "piwko",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "piwęjko",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "piwsko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "piwny",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-mid-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"adj": "piwny",
"aug": "piwsko",
"dim": "piwko,piwęjko<l:dialectal>"
},
"expansion": "piwo n (diminutive piwko or (dialectal) piwęjko, augmentative piwsko, related adjective piwny)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pi‧wo"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pi‧wo"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-n"
},
{
"args": {
"accp": "piwa",
"accs": "piwo",
"datp": "-",
"dats": "piwu",
"genp": "piw",
"gens": "piwa",
"insp": "-",
"inss": "piwem",
"locp": "piwach",
"locs": "piwie",
"nomp": "piwa",
"noms": "piwo",
"vocp": "-",
"vocs": "piwo"
},
"name": "pl-mid-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish countable nouns",
"Polish uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"beer (frothy, low-alcohol drink obtained by fermentation of barley malt, hops, yeast and water)",
"beer (one portion of this)"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "napój"
}
],
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"beer",
"beer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) beer (frothy, low-alcohol drink obtained by fermentation of barley malt, hops, yeast and water)",
"(countable) beer (one portion of this)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "browar"
},
{
"word": "browiec"
},
{
"word": "browar"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Polish uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"beer (frothy, low-alcohol drink obtained by fermentation of barley malt, hops, yeast and water)",
"act of drinking beer"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "napój"
}
],
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"drink",
"drink"
],
[
"beer",
"beer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) beer (frothy, low-alcohol drink obtained by fermentation of barley malt, hops, yeast and water)",
"(Middle Polish) act of drinking beer"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "browar"
},
{
"word": "browiec"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Western Kraków Polish",
"pl:Children's games"
],
"glosses": [
"type of children's game"
],
"links": [
[
"children's",
"children"
],
[
"game",
"game"
],
[
"children's game",
"children's game#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "children's games",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Western Kraków, Sławków, children's games) type of children's game"
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of napój /napitek /trunek"
],
"links": [
[
"napój",
"napój#Polish"
],
[
"napitek",
"napitek#Polish"
],
[
"trunek",
"trunek#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) synonym of napój /napitek /trunek"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "napój /napitek /trunek"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"beer tax (type of tax (till tax) on the sale of beer)"
],
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"tax",
"tax"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) beer tax (type of tax (till tax) on the sale of beer)"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpi.vɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpi.vɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpi.vɔ]",
"note": "Western Kraków"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ivɔ"
}
],
"word": "piwo"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "ru",
"3": "пи́во"
},
"expansion": "Russian пи́во (pívo)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pivo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pivo",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian пи́во (pívo), from Proto-Slavic *pivo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "piwony",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "piwolar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tk-decl-noun-auto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwolar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwolary",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwonuň",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwolaryň",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwā",
"links": [
[
"piwā",
"piwa#Turkmen"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwolara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwoda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwolarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwodan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwolardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "piwony",
"5": "plural",
"6": "piwolar",
"f1request": "1",
"f2request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "piwo (definite accusative piwony, plural piwolar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ny",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "piwo (definite accusative piwony, plural piwolar)",
"name": "tk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "o",
"2": "v"
},
"name": "tk-decl-noun-auto"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "piwo",
"10": "piwolarda",
"11": "piwodan",
"12": "piwolardan",
"2": "piwolar",
"3": "piwony",
"4": "piwolary",
"5": "piwonuň",
"6": "piwolaryň",
"7": "piwā",
"8": "piwolara",
"9": "piwoda"
},
"name": "tk-decl-noun-man"
}
],
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkmen entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkmen lemmas",
"Turkmen nouns",
"Turkmen terms borrowed from Russian",
"Turkmen terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Turkmen terms derived from Russian",
"tk:Alcoholic beverages",
"tk:Beer"
],
"glosses": [
"beer"
],
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
]
]
}
],
"word": "piwo"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pȋvo",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pȋvo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pȋvo"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pȋvo",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "piwo"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian piwo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pȋvo. Cognate with Lower Sorbian piwo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "piwowy",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "piwko",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hsb-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "piwow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwomaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "piwam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwomaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "piwami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "piwomaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "piwach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "piwje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "piwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"adj": "piwowy",
"dim": "piwko"
},
"expansion": "piwo n (relational adjective piwowy, diminutive piwko)",
"name": "hsb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pi‧wo"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pi‧wo"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"name": "hsb-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "pić"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Upper Sorbian/iwɔ",
"Rhymes:Upper Sorbian/iwɔ/2 syllables",
"Upper Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Upper Sorbian lemmas",
"Upper Sorbian neuter hard stem nouns",
"Upper Sorbian neuter nouns",
"Upper Sorbian nouns",
"Upper Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Upper Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Upper Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Upper Sorbian terms with usage examples",
"hsb:Alcoholic beverages",
"hsb:Beer"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
40,
44
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
41,
45
]
],
"english": "the men got drunk after drinking so much beer",
"text": "mužojo su so wopili, po tym zo su telko piwa pili",
"translation": "the men got drunk after drinking so much beer",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beer (alcoholic beverage obtained by fermenting germinated barley with hop flowers, to give flavor and aroma)"
],
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʲi.wɔ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iwɔ"
}
],
"word": "piwo"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "piw",
"3": "-o",
"t1": "udder"
},
"expansion": "piw (“udder”) + -o",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "piw (“udder”) + -o.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "piwaf",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "piwo",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "biwo",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mhiwo",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "phiwo",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "piw"
},
"expansion": "piwo (first-person singular present piwaf)",
"name": "cy-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh terms suffixed with -o",
"Welsh verbs",
"Welsh verbs with red links in their headword lines"
],
"glosses": [
"to fill up (of a an expectant cow's udder)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pyrsu"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɪu̯ɔ/"
}
],
"word": "piwo"
}
Download raw JSONL data for piwo meaning in All languages combined (40.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Masovia, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Lesser Poland, Silesia",
"path": [
"piwo"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "piwo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Masovia, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Lesser Poland, Silesia",
"path": [
"piwo"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "piwo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Masovia, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Lesser Poland, Silesia",
"path": [
"piwo"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "piwo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Masovia, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Lesser Poland, Silesia",
"path": [
"piwo"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "piwo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Kraków, Sławków, children's games",
"path": [
"piwo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "piwo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Kraków, Sławków, children's games",
"path": [
"piwo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "piwo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Kraków, Sławków, children's games",
"path": [
"piwo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "piwo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Kraków, Sławków, children's games",
"path": [
"piwo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "piwo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: piwo/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"piwo"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "piwo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: piwo/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"piwo"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "piwo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: piwo/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"piwo"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "piwo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"piwo",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Upper Sorbian",
"subsection": "",
"title": "piwo",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 443365327<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 18 Sep 2026 03:31:11 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"piwo",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Upper Sorbian",
"subsection": "",
"title": "piwo",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 382327099<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 18 Sep 2026 03:32:06 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.